In-vitro fertilization (IVF)

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The in-vitro fertilization (IVF) or test tube fertilization is the most well-known procedures in reproductive medicine. In in-vitro fertilization are sucked the woman fertilizable egg cells from the vagina and the sperm obtained by masturbation man. Then the egg and sperm in a glass dish (in vitro fertilization = fertilization in glass) are brought together. If the eggs are fertilized there, divide and develop normally on, up to three fertilized eggs about 24 to 48 hours later reinserted into the woman's uterus (embryo transfer).

Conditions for in vitro fertilization
Preparation for in vitro fertilization
Expiration of an in-vitro fertilization
When an in-vitro fertilization is useful?
Possible complications and risks of in-vitro fertilization
Success rates of in-vitro fertilization
Alternatives for in-vitro fertilization
Who pays the costs for an in-vitro fertilization?

Conditions for in vitro fertilization

Thus an in-vitro fertilization can be carried out, the woman at least one healthy ovary, uterus, and a healthy, if possible, have regular menstrual cycles with ovulation. The quality of male sperm, the sperm should be mobile and well.

Preparation for in vitro fertilization

Before the start of fertility treatment take place with the attending physician conversations in which the individual treatment steps are discussed and planned. Before starting the actual therapy can and must be completed and submitted for the health insurance claim forms. Here are several dates for ultrasound examination and blood sampling, in which the conditions are tested for hormone stimulation.

Expiration of an in-vitro fertilization

Before being brought together in an in vitro fertilization, egg and sperm in a glass bowl, a pretreatment is required.
Collection of ova and sperm

First, in women the production of eggs stimulated by hormone treatment (ovarian stimulation). The drugs are administered in tablet form or injected into the tissue. It will be produced by stimulating as many eggs as there is a chance to fertilize several eggs, and then transferred to up to three embryos into the uterus. The course of treatment is monitored for several days by ultrasound examination.

If, as a Ulraschall study shows that the follicles have reached a sufficient size of about 18 millimeters, is through the administration of the hormone hCG triggers ovulation artificially. About 36 hours later, the doctor removes the eggs capable of fertilization. For this, the woman will receive a brief anesthesia. This is not mandatory. The doctor stands with a fine needle through the vagina into the ovary, the egg takes and passes them to the laboratory. The procedure takes only a few minutes and is monitored by ultrasound. After a rest period on the same day, the woman can go home again.

Parallel to the oocyte and the sperm of the husband is required and obtained by masturbation. Up to four days earlier, the man should remain sexually abstinent for this purpose. In in-vitro fertilization is usually not the sperm of the partner and the use of a donor.
Fertilization of eggs

In the laboratory, one egg is associated with a number of sperm in a glass container together. The vessel contains a nutrient solution, which promotes the further development of the eggs. The fertilization of the egg must be in each case without instrumental support from each one sperm. After a few days ago, from the egg and sperm cells through cell division tiny embryo develops, the doctor can transmit into the uterus.
Transfer of embryos into the uterus

Even if multiple embryos develop in a test tube, the doctor transfers in the context of statutory regulations at most three of them in the womb. The transfer of the embryos can be performed without anesthesia. The woman takes this on the gynecologic examination chair. The embryos that are to be placed in the uterus, are drawn into a transfer catheter and the ultrasound examination, the doctor in the vagina and inserted to the uterus. After the doctor who issued the embryos at their destination, he removed the catheter again. The woman remains for some time in the restroom, before they can go home.

In the next two to three days, the woman should conserve, avoid stress and sexual intercourse and also perform any heavy physical work. These precautions are intended to facilitate the implantation of an embryo in the uterus. However, it can also happen that two or three embryos settle after the transfer. Then there is a multiple pregnancy.

Supernumerary sperm cells and egg cells can be stored for re-treatment and frozen (cryopreserved) are. The same applies to eggs at the pronuclear stage, are still not as embryos.
Support the luteal phase (luteal phase)

In the second half of the cycle after transfer of embryos, the luteal phase is two weeks, supported by the administration of the hormone progesterone (progesterone). The hormone can be either in the form of injections into the muscle, in the form of gels or capsules that are inserted into the vagina or administered in tablet form. After 14 days there is a pregnancy test to ascertain whether the in-vitro fertilization has been successful or to be repeated.

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