Male Infertility causes of defective spermatogenesis

Two major problems of spermatogenesis is that too few sperm produced or poor sperm motility. Low sperm production (oligospermia, defined as the number of sperm that are smaller than 20 x 106 per ml) or failure to produce sperm (azoospermia) can be caused by several different factors. So that sperm can be produced under normal conditions, the amount of testosterone needs to be maintained at adequate levels, and because testosterone production depends on the levels of FSH and LH, any dysfunction of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, which controls the levels of these hormones, in the end affect spermatogenesis. A less significant function is the function of the thyroid gland and adrenal glands, although the second gland dysfunction can affect fertility. Because spermatogenesis takes place in the testes, any disorder of the testicles can also affect fertility to a certain degree. Sperm production can be affected by congenital disorders, such as hydrocele or undescended testes (kriptorkidisme), or by the problems is obtained, such as varicocele or mumps. Also, because the optimal sperm production requires a temperature below body temperature, estimated to be less efficient spermatogenesis in men with certain occupations (firefighters, long-distance truck driver) or in men who wear tight underwear. Other environmental threats, such as excessive alcohol use, smoking, drugs, radiation, lead, and certain antibiotics (eg penicillins and tetracyclines) may also affect spermatogenesis.

Examination
As in women, a thorough assessment of history and general physical examination should also be performed in men before special tests can be carried out because the assessment revealed that existing conditions (eg, endocrine disorders or undescended testes).
First special test that needs to be done is the analysis of semen, including semen volume, total sperm count and sperm quality (motility and percentage of abnormal sperm) assessed by postcoital What do the tests above). Other tests include blood tests, which can uncover the hormone imbalances, and testicular biopsy, which can be done to confirm the production of sperm.

Therapy
Hormone therapy may be indicated if low sperm count or poor sperm quality if, for example, clomiphene, human chorionic gonadotrophin, bromocriptine, or testosterone can be prescribed. If there is a varicocele, the varicocele may be ligated surgically. Although varicocele is the cause of infertility in only a minority of men, surgery is usually beneficial because of this endeavor has proven to double the chance of pregnancy (Pfeffer and Woollett, 1983). Surgery to correct undescended testes need to be done during childhood because of this problem can not be repaired if a man has grown. Health education is indicated if the problems allegedly associated with the lifestyle of the man. The advice given ranges from advice to change jobs to avoid tight clothing.